GDPR is new law active from 25 May 2018..

This gag response can be due to the physical contact to certain trigger areas by the mirrors, the action of opening wide or even just the thought of the procedure. For those patients where the...

Pain is ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’.2 It is detected via free Aδ and C nerve fibres in response to physical, chemical or thermal...

The training, qualification, registration and scope of practice for all orthodontic auxiliaries in the UK has been agreed between the General Dental Council (GDC) and the British Orthodontic Society...

The first stage in DO focuses on planning and preparation. Identifying which structure is abnormal and the likely aetiology is essential to successful management. DO is used to correct the...

The first molar begins calcification at birth and erupts at roughly 6 years of age. As with most permanent teeth, the lower molar usually erupts just before the upper molar. The second molars begin to...

Various techniques have been described in Orthodontics to create space between teeth (Figure 1). These include elastomeric separators, brass wire, elastomeric thread,1 latex elastics, and a variety of...

Patient JD presented aged 14 years 8 months complaining of her dental appearance and function. She had no learning difficulties and had been diagnosed with nemaline myopathy. Patient JD was wheelchair...

A 13-year-old girl was urgently referred to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery of a district general hospital by her orthodontist. The patient was undergoing fixed appliance therapy for...

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) originated as a method to repair skeletal deformities and large, non-healing, segmental bone defects resulting from injuries suffered by Russian soldiers during World War...

A 13-year-old female was referred to the Paediatric Department at Birmingham Dental Hospital. She was accompanied by her mother and sister who also had pycnodysostosis. The patient's primary complaint...

The patient is generally either sitting or standing in the unit and positioned using light beam markers. Once correctly positioned, the patient is then immobilized to reduce movement artefact. The...

NICE was launched 26 February 1999, and although its name has slightly changed over the years, briefly adding H for health to the acronym, the organization has always aspired to provide guidance on...

Following clinical and radiographic investigations, treatment decisions can be made based, not only on the type of malocclusion, but more particularly on the presenting features associated with the...