References

Thiruvenkatachari B, Harrison JE, Worthington HV, O'Brien KD. Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth (Class II malocclusion) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; (11)
Harrison JE, Scholey JM Orthodontic treatment for crowded teeth in children.: The Cochrane Library; 2002
Fleming PS, Johal A. Self-ligating brackets in orthodontics: a systematic review. Angle Orthod. 2010; 80:575-584
Rahman S, Spencer RJ, Littlewood SJ, O'Dwyer L, Barber SK, Russell JS. A multicenter randomized controlled trial to compare a self-ligating bracket with a conventional bracket in a UK population: Part 2: Pain perception. Angle Orthod. 2016; 86:149-156
O'Dywer L, Littlewood SJ, Rahman S, Spencer RJ, Barber SK, Russell JS. A multi-center randomized controlled trial to compare a self-ligating bracket with a conventional bracket in a UK population: Part 1: Treatment efficiency. Angle Orthod. 2016; 86:142-148
Fox NA, Richmond S, Wright JL, Daniels CP. Factors affecting the outcome of orthodontic treatment within the general dental service. Br J Orthod. 1997; 24:217-221
Boyd RL, Miller RJ, Vlaskalic V. The Invisalign system in adult orthodontics: mild crowding and space closure cases. J Clin Orthod. 2000; 34:203-212
Hennessy J, Garvey T, Al-Awadhi EA. A randomized clinical trial comparing mandibular incisor proclination produced by fixed labial appliances and clear aligners. Angle Orthod. 2016; 86:706-712
Noar JH, Sharma S, Roberts-Harry D, Qureshi T. A discerning approach to simple aesthetic orthodontics. Br Dent J. 2015; 218:157-166
Chate RAC. Truth or consequences: the potential implications of short-term cosmetic orthodontics for general dental practitioners. Br Dent J. 2013; 215:551-553
Proffit WR. Forty-year review of extraction frequencies at a university orthodontic clinic. Angle Orthod. 1994; 64:407-414
De La Cruz A, Sampson P, Little RM, Artun J, Shapiro PA. Long-term changes in arch form after orthodontic treatment and retention. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1995; 107:518-530
Pandis N, Polychronopoulou A, Makou M, Eliades T. Mandibular dental arch changes associated with treatment of crowding using self-ligating and conventional brackets. Eur J Orthod. 2010; 32:248-253
Fleming PS, DiBiase AT, Sarri G, Lee RT. Comparison of mandibular arch changes during alignment and leveling with 2 preadjusted edgewise appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 136:340-347
Pabari S, Moles DR, Cunningham SJ. Assessment of motivation and psychological characteristics of adult orthodontic patients. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 140:e263-e272
Johal A, Alyaqoobi I, Patel R, Cox S. The impact of orthodontic treatment on quality of life and self-esteem in adult patients. Eur J Orthod. 2014; 37:233-237
Al-Omiri MK, Abu Alhaija ES. Factors affecting patient satisfaction after orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2006; 76:422-431
Christensen L, Luther F. Adults seeking orthodontic treatment: expectations, periodontal and TMD issues. Br Dent J. 2015; 218::111-117
Ackerman JL, Proffit WR. Communication in orthodontic treatment planning: bioethical and informed consent issues. Angle Orthod. 1995; 65:253-262
Montgomery (Appellant) v Lanarkshire Health Board (Respondent) (Scotland). 2015;
Bolam v Friern Barnet Hospital Management Committee. 1957;
Standards for the Dental Team. 2013;
O'Brien K, Wright J, Conboy F, Appelbe P, Davies L, Connolly I. Early treatment for Class II Division 1 malocclusion with the Twin-block appliance: a multi-center, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2009; 135:573-579
Mavreas D, Athanasiou AE. Factors affecting the duration of orthodontic treatment: a systematic review. Eur J Orthod. 2008; 30:386-395
Yaqoob O, O'Neill J, Patel S, Seehra J, Morris D, Cobourne MT. Management of unerupted maxillary incisors. Royal College of Surgeons, 2010, Clinical guidelines.
Mandall N, Cousley R, DiBiase A, Dyer F, Littlewood S, Mattick R. Early class III protraction facemask treatment reduces the need for orthognathic surgery: a multi-centre, two-arm parallel randomized, controlled trial. J Orthod. 2016; 43:164-175
General Medical Council. 0–18 years: guidance for all doctors. 2007. https://www.gmc-uk.org/ethical-guidance/ethical-guidance-for-doctors/0-18-years
Sayers MS, Newton JT. Patients' expectations of orthodontic treatment: Part 2 – findings from a questionnaire survey. J Orthod. 2007; 34:25-35
Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority. 1986;
General Medical Council. Openess and honesty when things go wrong: the professional duty of candour. 2015. https://www.gmc-uk.org/-/media/documents/openness-and-honesty-when-things-go-wrong--the-professional-duty-of-cand____pdf-61540594.pdf
Care Quality Commission. Regulation 20: Duty of Candour. 2015. http://www.cqc.org.uk/sites/default/files/20150327_duty_of_candour_guidance_final.pdf
Richmond S, Shaw WC, Roberts CT, Andrews M. The PAR Index (Peer Assessment Rating): methods to determine outcome of orthodontic treatment in terms of improvement and standards. Eur J Orthod. 1992; 14:180-187
Daniels C, Richmond S. The development of the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). J Orthod. 2000; 27:149-162
Turbill EA, Richmond S, Wright JL. The time-factor in orthodontics: What influences the duration of treatments in National Health Service practices?. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001; 29:62-72
Vu CQ, Roberts WE, Hartsfield JK, Ofner S. Treatment complexity index for assessing the relationship of treatment duration and outcomes in a graduate orthodontics clinic. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2008; 133:(9)e1-13
Linge BO, Linge L. Apical root resorption in upper anterior teeth. Eur J Orthod. 1983; 5:173-183
Julien KC, Buschang PH, Campbell PM. Prevalence of white spot lesion formation during orthodontic treatment. Angle Orthod. 2013; 83:641-647
Dental Protection. Second opinions, reports and expert evidence. https://www.dentalprotection.org/docs/librariesprovider4/dental-advice-booklets/dental-advice-booklets-second-opinions.pdf (Accessed Jan 2017)
Levander E, Malmgren O. Evaluation of the risk of root resorption during orthodontic treatment: a study of upper incisors. Eur J Orthod. 1988; 10:30-38
Brezniak N, Wasserstein A. Orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. Part II: the clinical aspects. Angle Orthod. 2002; 72:180-184
Blake M, Bibby K. Retention and stability: a review of the literature. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1998; 114:299-306
Guidance of advertising. 2013;
Professional standards for orthodontic practice.: British Orthodontic Society; 2014

Ethical dilemmas in orthodontics

From Volume 12, Issue 2, April 2019 | Pages 46-52

Authors

Angus J Burns

Consultant and Senior Lecturer, Division of Child and Public Dental Health, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Ireland

Articles by Angus J Burns

Abstract

Those practising orthodontics frequently face ethical dilemmas. This article seeks to explore dilemmas, which the authors consider arise often in the field of orthodontics. The emphasis is on best practice, evidence-based practice and prioritizing patients' interests.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The intention of this article is to encourage thought and debate regarding everyday orthodontic decision-making.

Article

As with any area of dentistry or medicine, those practising orthodontics can frequently be confronted by ethical dilemmas. The elective nature of much orthodontic treatment increases the occurrence of these ethical conundrums. This article seeks to explore dilemmas, which the authors consider arise often in the field of orthodontics. It is not intended to be a guidelines document on standards, but rather encourage thought and debate regarding everyday orthodontic decision-making. The emphasis is on best practice, placing patients' interests first and, where possible, to be evidence-based. Each dilemma is investigated separately and an opinion is then offered. The layout has been chosen to allow the reader to scan though the paper finding some dilemmas that are interesting or useful and provides a structured way of approaching them.

Register now to continue reading

Thank you for visiting Orthodontic Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:

What's included

  • Up to 2 free articles per month
  • New content available