The most frequently reported indication is a mild to moderate Class III malocclusion, where the incisors are edge-to-edge, or in anterior crossbite with minimal or reduced overbite.3,9 The decrease in...

The TMJ is covered with a layer of fibrous cartilage. During ICR, the tissue breaks down and the outer cortex of the osseous condyle begins to resorb. This can lead to narrowing and shortening of the...

In recent times, there has been an increase in the number of approaches aimed at accelerating OTM. In this article, we have explored the majority of proposed surgical and non-surgical approaches...

Management of patients with impacted MM2s involves a full history and examination, including a full orthodontic assessment, as well as appropriate radiographic examination. Consideration can also be...

Four types of hypersensitivity (Table 1) were originally classified by Gell and Coombs in 19636 and remain commonly used today. The classification stems from the concept of immediate and delayed forms...

A 28-year-old female, HM, presented for an orthodontic consultation with concerns about the appearance of her front teeth. She did not like her smile arc or the gap between her upper and lower front...

Questionnaires can be used in research, quality improvement or to gather clinical data. They are tools for collecting data, rather than a specific methodology, so can be used in a diverse range of...

Incomplete eruption of anterior teeth may result in an anterior open bite. Should the patient have potential for further eruptive change of the incisors, then monitoring would be prudent. Failure of...

There is good reason why the Class I molar relationship has long been considered as the ideal. This arrangement, when combined with a Class I canine and incisor relationship, has the greatest...

An initial scoping search was carried out using an internet search engine (Google) to check for existing protocols; none was found. Following this, a literature search was performed using five...

The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the incidence of TICs following orthodontic treatment, with the primary outcome being complications caused during treatment, as a result of...

The use of lacebacks in orthodontic clinical practice constitutes an area of controversy both among clinicians and in the literature. Lacebacks were primarily popularized by McLaughlin and Bennett as...

The first topic area to be explored was the Phases of Change (Figure 2), which would see the triggers for the various stages of de-escalation. The concept of the R0 value was discussed and how this...

Recent years have seen an explosion in the use of social media platforms for the purpose of marketing. As well as the well-established platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, there are newer entrants...