Julie C Williams
StR in Orthodontics, Musgrove Park Hospital, Taunton and Yeovil District Hospital and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
Orthodontics at Times of National Emergency: Past and Current Crises Part 1: Past Crises and Lessons Learnt
Tara V N LeeOn 29 August 2005, Hurricane Katrina, a category 3 hurricane, hit the states of Louisiana and Mississippi, resulting in over 1,600 fatalities and displacing over 750,000 residents2,3 (Figure 1). It...
Orthodontics at Times of National Emergency: Past and Current Crises Part 2. COVID-19: Implications for Clinical Practice
Tara V N LeeIn England, orthodontic treatment can be accessed either through the National Health Service (NHS) or under private contract. Even prior to direct instruction from the CDO for England to stop all...
The aberrant molar
Tarun K MittalThe first molar begins calcification at birth and erupts at roughly 6 years of age. As with most permanent teeth, the lower molar usually erupts just before the upper molar. The second molars begin to...
The Aberrant Canine Part 2: Treatment
Tarun K MittalFollowing clinical and radiographic investigations, treatment decisions can be made based, not only on the type of malocclusion, but more particularly on the presenting features associated with the...
The aberrant canine part 1: aetiology and diagnosis
Tarun K MittalCalcification of the upper and lower permanent canine teeth begins at 4 to 5 months post-partum, with crown formation being complete by the age of 5 years. The lower permanent canine erupts at around...
The aberrant second premolar
Tarun K MittalThe maxillary and mandibular second premolars begin to calcify between 24 and 30 months post-partum. They are often the last successional teeth to erupt, usually between the ages of 10 and 12 years in...
The aberrant central incisor
Tarun K MittalThe maxillary central incisor commences its development in the 30th week in utero. Calcification begins 3–4 months post-partum and the crown is usually complete by the age of 5 years. It is often the...
Assessment of growth in orthodontics
Goldie SongraA number of variables including mental maturity, physical capacity, height and weight are sometimes estimated according to chronological age.11 However, there can be wide differences between...
The control of unwanted tooth movement — an overview of orthodontic anchorage
Hywel J NaishWhen an intermittent force is applied to a tooth, such as during normal masticatory function, the periodontal ligament (PDL) is deformed slightly for a short time and the surrounding bone bends in...
What factors might affect the success of fixed appliance therapy in adolescent patients? part 2
Julie C WilliamsThe factors affecting the outcome of fixed appliance therapy within the adolescent can be related to the patient, the operator and the appliance. However, it is difficult to be specific and isolate...
What factors might affect the success of fixed appliance therapy in adolescent patients? part 1
Julie C WilliamsThe efficiency of a course of orthodontic treatment can be defined not only in terms of the total duration of treatment, but also by the total number of visits, their length, the cost and quantity of...