Orthodontics

Paying lip service: the importance of soft tissues in orthodontics

A comprehensive facial assessment includes analysis of the face and soft tissues, both in passive and animated states, with the lips being examined from the frontal and profile views. These...

Hemisection: a simple and elegant technique

Hemisection in the context of space closure means sectioning the primary molar and removing the distal half of the crown and the distal root. The primary molar is cut with a flame-shaped diamond bur...

Skeletal discrepancies. Part 1: assessment, aetiology, and management of low angle cases

The definition of ‘low angle’ in orthodontics is a decreased FMPA more than one standard deviation below the average of 27° (such as an FMPA <22°)..

Skeletal discrepancies. Part 2: assessment, aetiology and management of high angle cases

The definition of ‘high angle’ in orthodontics is an increased F/MMPA more than one standard deviation above average (FMPA >32°).1 A high angle is associated with increased vertical facial...

Skeletal discrepancies Part 3: assessment, aetiology and management of facial asymmetry

Assessment of facial attractiveness is subjective and is influenced by social, personal and cultural factors. Facial symmetry is the equilibrium of contralateral facial landmarks in dimension and form...

Wire syndrome: a complication in orthodontic retention

The prevalence of wire syndrome is widely debated in the literature. The lowest prevalence reported was 1% in a study with 3500 participants.5 The highest prevalence described was 43%, although only...

A very brief guide on how to read a report of an orthodontic clinical trial

Limited interaction with research papers has prompted a perhaps inappropriate reliance on research abstracts. Moreover, this has also spawned the development of structured abstracts that are designed...

Remote consultations in orthodontics: factors to consider for success

Positive patient experiences of teledentistry and teleorthodontics have been reported6,10,11 with a recent literature review advising that teleorthodontics has been shown to be capable of managing...

Orthodontics improves oral health-related quality of life: fad, fact or fallacy?


‘The impact of oral diseases and disorders on everyday life that a patient or person values, that are of sufficient magnitude, in terms of frequency, severity or duration to affect their experience...

Premature deciduous tooth loss: a rare case of detrimental sequelae to the permanent dentition

A 17-year-old male patient, AH, was referred by his general dental practitioner to the orthodontic department at a district hospital regarding his unerupted UR5, congenitally absent lower 5s and...

Infra-occluded primary molars: diagnosis and management

The prevalence of infra-occluded primary molars ranges between 1% and 39%, with mandibular molars being much more affected than maxillary molars.2,3 The incidence is greater the older the patient,...

Resorbed upper first permanent molars: a case study

This case reports on a medically fit and well 12-year-old female patient of European origin who attended Bristol Dental Hospital asymptomatically, for an orthodontic assessment and subsequent...

Internal root resorption: case report and literature review

A 14-year-old medically fit and well male (Patient A) attended the orthodontic new patient clinic, complaining of a missing upper front tooth (UR1). The patient's social history revealed he had moved...

Finding HOPE in orthodontic simulated training

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic.1 The typical routes of transmission were said to be direct via a sneeze, cough...

The FR BCPPm: A novel, hybrid function regulator

BS was born with a bilateral cleft lip and palate, which was repaired surgically with lip closure at 5 months and hard and soft palate closure at 8 months. By the age of 7 years, the presence of...