The options for correcting the Class II relationship presented to the patient were:.

TCS is caused by gene mutations involved in the development of the craniofacial region during embryonic development. It is primarily associated with mutations in the TCOF1 (treacle ribosome biogenesis...

CCD is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait, with 20–40% of cases arising from a spontaneous mutation.5 Cleidocranial dysplasia has been shown to result from mutations in the Runt-related...

Essentially, there are two treatment alternatives for Class III malocclusion in the non-growing patient..

A healthy 29-year-old presented for a second opinion and was seeking to have her teeth aligned (Figure 1). She reported having had four premolar teeth removed as a teenager. Then, she had full fixed...

A 25-year-old woman diagnosed with β-thalassaemia major was referred to the orthodontic department. She presented with the main concern of a protruded upper jaw and forward positioning of her upper...

The current advice with regard to finishing and detailing has been presented, with pointers to what is relevant in relation to aesthetics, function and stability. Comprehensive checklists have been...

There is no set standard for what an orthodontic photoset should include; however, national guidelines from the Institute of Medical Illustrators2 suggest that a complete orthodontic photographic set...

E-cigarette use may impact the following areas that are particularly relevant for an orthodontic patient:
Tooth movement;Caries;Surgical healing;Staining..

Several theories have been proposed for the mechanisms underlying orthodontic tooth movement. An empirical known is that mechanical stimuli bring about cellular responses resulting in tooth movement..