Sufficient intrusion of maxillary molars was achieved on both sides in a period of 6 months (Figure 6). Cephalometric superimpositions of pre- and post-intrusion lateral cephalograms registered on the...

Most 2D brackets consist of a simple self-ligating bracket with two distortable clips on the lingual surface to contain the wire. The two clips are adjusted to allow vertical insertion of the...

Single tooth ankylosis/MFE is a rare condition with a similar presentation to PFE. A key diagnostic feature distinguishing PFE Type II from MFE is that MFE often only affects a single tooth and teeth...

Case JD was aged 11 years 3 months when the appliance was fitted. He had a Class II division 1 malocclusion on a severe skeletal II base with a reduced face height. The overjet was increased to 18 mm...

The basic periodontal examination (BPE) is the screening tool for assessing periodontal health. It should be performed on all dentate adult patients as part of the initial examination. To carry out a...

A 40-year-old male patient was referred by the Department of Periodontics. The patient's chief complaint was spacing and elongation of the upper front teeth. The patient had a history of severe...

Pain is ‘an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage’.2 It is detected via free Aδ and C nerve fibres in response to physical, chemical or thermal...

The training, qualification, registration and scope of practice for all orthodontic auxiliaries in the UK has been agreed between the General Dental Council (GDC) and the British Orthodontic Society...

The aim of this study was to assess whether our cohort of patients undergoing combined orthodontic and orthognathic surgery treatment would have qualified for orthognathic surgery according to the new...

Temporary pontics, also often called riding pontics, are temporary prostheses used during orthodontic treatment to replace missing teeth and can be used to replace any missing tooth. Replacement is...

GDPR is new law active from 25 May 2018..

This gag response can be due to the physical contact to certain trigger areas by the mirrors, the action of opening wide or even just the thought of the procedure. For those patients where the...

The first stage in DO focuses on planning and preparation. Identifying which structure is abnormal and the likely aetiology is essential to successful management. DO is used to correct the...

The first molar begins calcification at birth and erupts at roughly 6 years of age. As with most permanent teeth, the lower molar usually erupts just before the upper molar. The second molars begin to...