Omer RS, Anthonappa RP, King NM. Determination of the optimum time for surgical removal of unerupted anterior supernumerary teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2010; 32:14-20
Ata-Ali F, Ata-Ali J, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Penarrocha-Diago M. Prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of supernumerary teeth. J Clin Exp Dent. 2014; 6:e414-418 https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.51499
Arandi NZ, Abu-Ali A, Mustafa S. Supernumerary teeth: a retrospective cross-sectional study from Palestine. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr. 2020; 20 https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.029
Primosch RE. Anterior supernumerary teeth – assessment and surgical intervention in children. Pediatr Dent. 1981; 3:204-215
Anthonappa RP, Omer RS, King NM. Characteristics of 283 supernumerary teeth in southern Chinese children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008; 105:48-54 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.01.035
Garvey MT, Barry HJ, Blake M. Supernumerary teeth--an overview of classification, diagnosis and management. J Can Dent Assoc. 1999; 65:612-616
Mahabob MN, Anbuselvan GJ, Kumar BS Prevalence rate of supernumerary teeth among non-syndromic South Indian population: an analysis. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2012; 4:S373-375 https://doi.org/10.4103/0975-7406.100279
Kumar DK, Gopal KS. An epidemiological study on supernumerary teeth: a survey on 5,000 people. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013; 7:1504-1507 https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2013/4373.3174
Anthonappa RP, King NM, Rabie AB. Aetiology of supernumerary teeth: a literature review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2013; 14:279-288 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-013-0082-z
Kawashima A, Nomura Y, Aoyagi Y, Asada YJPDJ. Heredity may be one of the etiologies of supernumerary teeth. 2006; 16:115-117
Fleming PS, Xavier GM, DiBiase AT, Cobourne MT. Revisiting the supernumerary: the epidemiological and molecular basis of extra teeth. Br Dent J. 2010; 208:25-30 https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2009.1177
Melamed Y, Barkai G, Frydman M. Multiple supernumerary teeth (MSNT) and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS): a case report. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994; 23:88-91 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1994.tb00263.x
Groden J, Thliveris A, Samowitz W Identification and characterization of the familial adenomatous polyposis coli gene. Cell. 1991; 66:589-600 https://doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(81)90021-0
Mallineni SK, Jayaraman J, Yiu CK, King NM. Concomitant occurrence of hypohyperdontia in a patient with Marfan syndrome: a review of the literature and report of a case. J Investig Clin Dent. 2012; 3:253-257 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-1626.2012.00148.x
Mallineni SK. Supernumerary teeth: review of the literature with recent updates. Conference Papers in Science. 2014; 2014 https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/764050
Proff P, Fanghanel J, Allegrini S Problems of supernumerary teeth, hyperdontia or dentes supernumerarii. Ann Anat. 2006; 188:163-169 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2005.10.005
Russell KA, Folwarczna MA. Mesiodens – diagnosis and management of a common supernumerary tooth. J Can Dent Assoc. 2003; 69:362-366
Oliver G, Hamilton S, Read N, Atack N. The continued development of multiple supernumerary teeth: do they influence orthodontic treatment?. Orthodontic Update. 2021; 14:125-133 https://doi.org/10.12968/ortu.2021.14.3.125
Early removal of supernumeraries to close a midline diastema: a case report Laura Brooks Kelly Smorthit Jonathan Sandler Dental Update 2025 16:1, 707-709.
A midline diastema is a part of normal dental development, which, in the mixed dentition, is termed the ‘ugly duckling’ stage. Supernumerary teeth, however, can also be a cause, with the most common type being a mesiodens. Supernumeraries can cause other complications including delayed or failure of eruption of a permanent tooth, displacement of crowns, crowding, root resorption and cyst formation. Treatment options for supernumeraries include immediate or delayed removal or active monitoring. This article advocates for early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the need for future complex treatment.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case emphasizes the importance for clinicians to accurately and carefully diagnose the cause of a midline diastema and the presence of supernumerary teeth early in development. Prompt orthodontic referral can reduce the need for later complex surgical and orthodontic treatment.
Article
A supernumerary tooth (ST) is ‘any tooth or odontogenic structure that is formed from tooth germ in excess of usual number for any given region of the dental arch.’1 They present as single or multiple teeth, unilaterally or bilaterally and can occur in both the maxilla and mandible.2 They are more prevalent in the maxilla by up to 10 times, and are more common in the premaxillary region.3,4 The most common type of ST is the mesiodens5 and they are more prevalent among men than women in a ratio of between 2:1 to 3.25:1.4,6 Prevalence in the deciduous dentition is 0.3–0.8% and 1–3.5% in the permanent dentition.4,7,8,9
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Orthodontic Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits: