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Synovial sarcoma: effect of treatment on root development and eruptive potential – a case report and review Aysha Begum Dirk Bister Leilaq Khamashta-Ledezma Dental Update 2024 9:4, 707-709.
Authors
AyshaBegum
BDS(Lon), BSc(Lon), MFDS RCS(Eng)
General Dental Practitioner, Whitechapel, London, UK
Overall, the survival rate of people affected by childhood cancer is increasing. It is important for dental professionals to understand the effects cancer treatment can have on growth and dental development. The aim of this case report is to describe the effects of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy on dental development, dental appearance and oral health in a 6-year-old female patient treated for synovial sarcoma. The numerous theories of tooth eruption described in the literature are summarized and this case report shows how, although root development was arrested, tooth eruption still occurred.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: The skeletal and dento-alveolar effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for treatment of childhood cancers are explored and exemplified by the case reported. The numerous tooth eruption theories that have been described are also discussed. Interestingly in this case report, tooth eruption still occurred despite incomplete root formation.
Article
It is estimated that 1 in every 900 adults between 16 and 44 years is a survivor of cancer.1 Treatment of cancer generally involves chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, as well as possible surgical procedures. In general, radiotherapy and chemotherapy can have oral side-effects such as trismus (limited oral movements), ulceration and inflammation of the oral mucosal tissue and risk of bacterial, fungal or viral infections. In addition, it causes a dry mouth (xerostomia), increasing the caries susceptibility, and chewing, swallowing and taste can also be negatively affected. Following radiotherapy to the jaws, there is a risk of osteoradionecrosis. For children/adolescents undergoing such treatments there are additional sequelae such as disturbances in dental development and skeletal growth.
The 6-year-old patient presented to her general medical practitioner, in April 2003, with a painful swelling over her left cheek which had developed rapidly during the previous two weeks following four weeks of pain in the region. She was urgently referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Department at Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridgeshire. Clinical examination revealed a firm, smooth, diffuse swelling on the left cheek with drooping left lips and facial asymmetry (Figure 1). Intra-orally, she was in the early mixed dentition with first permanent molars erupted. A significant left lateral open bite extended anteriorly, providing only occlusal contacts on the right side (Figure 2). Radiographic examination showed an abnormal left coronoid process with displacement of the upper teeth towards the midline (Figure 3). A CT scan confirmed the presence of a large soft mass in the left infra-temporal fossa, which had caused thinning of the zygomatic arch, anterior bowing of the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus, medial displacement of the left pterygoid plate and deformity of the anterior aspect of the mandibular ramus. The alveolus and unerupted maxillary teeth on the left side were also displaced. The diagnosis of synovial sarcoma of the left infra-temporal fossa was made based on the bony deformity and incisional biopsy results.
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