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References

Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Growth in untreated Class III subject. Semin Orthod. 2007; 13:130-142
Bishara SE, Jakobsen JR Longitudinal changes in three normal facial types. Am J Orthod. 1985; 88:466-502
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Evidence on early correction of class III malocclusion

From Volume 4, Issue 3, July 2011 | Pages 82-88

Authors

David T Waring

BChD, MDentSci, MFDS RCS(Eng), MOrth RCS(Ed), FDS(Orth) RCS(Ed)

Consultant in Orthodontics, University of Manchester Dental Hospital and Northenden House Orthodontics, Sale Road, Manchester, M23 0DF, UK

Articles by David T Waring

Abstract

The presence of high quality evidence on the dentofacial orthopaedic correction of Class III malocclusion is scarce. Long-term follow-up of growth modification has reported mixed results. The aim of this article is to review the literature on the early correction of Class III malocclusion and to provide some clarification on the following important issues: definite types of treatment modalities for treatment of Class III malocclusion; case selection; short-term and long-term effects of different treatment modalities; timing of treatment; success rate and skeletal and dental effect of different treatment modalities.

Clinical Relevance: Early treatment of Class III patients with maxillary deficiency using appliances such as protraction facemasks can be used to maximize maxillary growth potential in appropriate cases. However, correct diagnosis and understanding of the individual growth pattern is imperative in determining the success of early Class III treatment.

Article

Longitudinal data on untreated Class III malocclusions was scarce until the late 1980s,1,2,3 when compared to the data available on Class I or Class II malocclusions. The factors responsible were the low prevalence of Class III malocclusions in a non-Asian population and the lack of well-designed randomized control trials (RCT) on early intervention for Class III malocclusion. Therefore, it is difficult to propose a definitive management protocol for these patients. Many types of appliances for early correction of Class III malocclusion have been used in the past (Table 1). Some of these appliances have been used solely or in conjunction with other appliances.

Removable and 2 x 4 fixed appliances are generally used for the correction of anterior crossbites of non-skeletal origin. Other appliances, such as chin cups, protraction facemasks (Figure 1) and maxillary expanders (Figure 2, 3 and 4) are used for the correction of skeletal Class III malocclusions. The relative orthopaedic and dento-alveolar effects are shown in Table 2.

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