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References

Miura F, Nakagawa K, Masuhara E New direct bonding system for plastic brackets. Am J Orthod. 1971; 59:350-361
Eliades T Orthodontic materials research and applications: Part 1. Current status and projected future developments in bonding and adhesives. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 130:445-451
Carstensen W Clinical results after direct bonding of brackets using shorter etching times. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1986; 89:70-72
Johnston CD, Hussey DL, Burden DJ The effect of etch duration on the microstructure of molar enamel: an in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1996; 109:531-534
Shinchi MJ, Soma K, Nakabayashi N The effect of phosphoric acid concentration on resin tag length and bond strength of a photo-cured resin to acid etched enamel. Dent Mater. 2000; 16:324-329
Vicente A, Bravo LA, Romero M, Ortiz AJ, Canteras M Effects of 3 adhesion promoters on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: An in-vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2006; 129:390-395
Schwartz RS, Fransman R Adhesive dentistry and endodontics: materials, clinical strategies and procedures for restoration of access cavities: a review. J Endodont. 2005; 31:(3)151-165
Surmont P, Dermont L, Martens L, Moors M Comparison in shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets between five bonding systems related to different etching times: an in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1992; 101:414-419
Newman GV Adhesion and orthodontic plastic attachments. Am J Orthod. 1969; 56:573-578
Retief DH, Dreyer CJ, Gavron G The direct bonding of orthodontic attachments to teeth by means of an epoxy resin adhesive. Am J Orthod. 1970; 58:21-40
Mulholland RD, DeShazer DO The effect of acidic pretreatment solutions on the direct bonding of orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod. 1968; 38:236-243
Thanos CE, Munholland T, Caputo AA Adhesion of mesh base direct bonding brackets. Am J Orthod. 1979; 75:421-430
Gorelick L Bonding metal brackets with a self-polymerizing sealant-composite; a 12-month assessment. Am J Orthod. 1977; 71:542-553
Zachrisson BU, Brobakken BO Clinical comparison of direct versus indirect bonding with different bracket types and adhesives. Am J Orthod. 1978; 74:62-77
Wickwire NA, Rentz D Enamel pretreatment: a critical variable in direct bonding systems. Am J Orthod. 1973; 64:499-512
Gwinnett AJ Histological changes in human enamel following treatment with acidic adhesive conditioning agents. Arch Oral Biol. 1971; 16:731-738
Silverstone LM, Saxton CA, Dogon IL, Fejerskov O Variation in the pattern of acid etching of human dental enamel examined by scanning electron microscopy. Caries Res. 1975; 9:373-387
Ching E, Cook PA, Bubb NL, Wood DJ The effect of early static loading on the in vitro shear/peel bond strength of a ‘no mix’ orthodontic adhesive. Eur J Orthod. 2000; 22:555-559
Tavas MA, Watts DC A visible light-activated direct bonding material: an in vitro comparative study. Br J Orthod. 1984; 11:33-37
Graenlaw R, Way DC, Galil KA An in vitro evaluation of a visible light-cured resin as an alternative to conventional resin bonding systems. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1989; 96:214-220
Chamda RA, Stein E Time-related bond strengths of light-cured and chemically cured bonding systems: an in vitro study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Othop. 1996; 110:378-382
Fox NA, McCabe JF, Buckley JG A critique of bond strength testing in orthodontics. Br J Orthod. 1994; 21:33-43
Sfondrini MF, Cacciafesta V, Klersy C Halogen versus high intensity light-curing of uncoated and pre-coated brackets: a shear bond strength study. J Orthod. 2002; 29:45-50
Klocke A, Korbmacher HM, Huck LG, Kahl-Nieke B Plasma arc curing lights for orthodontic bonding. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2002; 122:643-648
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Achieving early bond strength: a solution

From Volume 5, Issue 4, October 2012 | Pages 122-124

Authors

Khaled H Attia

BSc, MSc, PhD

Professor of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Member of International Clinical Research Group (ICRG)

Articles by Khaled H Attia

Karim Aboul Enein

BSc, MSc, Phd

Lecturer of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Egypt.

Articles by Karim Aboul Enein

Abstract

The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the effect of the deproteinizing agent NaOCI on sheer bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Clinical Relevance: It was found that the application of NaOCI significantly increases the initial bond strength of orthodontic brackets.

Article

At present, the bonding of attachments, such as brackets and tubes, on the enamel surface is a routine clinical procedure, typically utilizing a resin composite adhesive.1,2 Since Buonocore first described the use of phosphoric acid for creating irregularities in the enamel surface to enhance mechanical locking, the effects of etching time3,4 and the phosphoric acid concentrate5 have been investigated to seek the most suitable method of enamel preparation.

Although the highest possible bond strength to tooth structure is desirable in restorative dentistry, orthodontic bond strength must satisfy two separate requirements; it must be sufficient to retain the brackets, but low enough to allow the easy clean-up of adhesives when the brackets are removed. Otherwise, greater bond strength may increase the risk of enamel fracture.6

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