Thesleff I. The genetic basis of tooth development and dental defects. Am J Med Genet. 2006; 140:(23)2530-2535
Brook AH, Winter GB. Developmental arrest of permanent tooth germs following pulpal infection of deciduous teeth. Br Dent J. 1975; 139:(1)9-11
Turner JG. Two cases of hypoplasia of enamel. Br J Dent Sci. 1912; 55:227-228
Brook AH, Fearne J, Smith JM. Environmental causes of enamel defects. Ciba Found Symp. 1997; 205:212-221
Winter GB. Amelogenesis imperfecta with enamel opacities and taurodontism: an alternative diagnosis for idiopathic dental fluorosis. Br Dent J. 1996; 181:167-172
Seow WK, Ford D, Kazoullis S, Newman B, Holcombe T. Comparison of enamel defects in the primary and permanent dentitions of children from a low-fluoride district in Australia. Pediatr Dent. 2011; 33:207-212
Li Y, Navia JM, Bian JY. Prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition of Chinese children 3–5 years old. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1995; 23:72-79
Slayton RL, Warren JJ, Kanellis MJ, Levy SM, Islam M. Prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and isolated opacities in the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 2001; 23:32-36
Ford D, Seow WK, Kazoullis S, Holcombe T, Newman B. A controlled study of risk factors for enamel hypoplasia in the permanent teeth. Pediatr Dent. 2009; 31:382-388
Lunardelli SE, Peres MA. Prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects in the primary dentition of pre-school children. Braz Oral Res. 2005; 19:144-149
Goodman AH, Armelagos GJ. Factors affecting the distribution of enamel hypoplasia within the human permanent dentition. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1985; 68:479-493
Mackay TD, Thomson WM. Enamel defects and dental caries among Southland children. N Z Dent J. 2005; 101:35-43
Suckling GW, Pearce EI. Developmental defects of enamel in a group of New Zealand children: their prevalence and some associated etiological factors. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1984; 12:177-184
Zagdwon AM, Toumba KJ, Curzon ME. The prevalence of developmental enamel defects in permanent molars in a group of English school children. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2002; 3:(2)91-96
Maragakis MG. Crown dilaceration of permanent incisors following trauma to their primary predecessors. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 1995; 20:(1)49-52
Kearns HP. Dilacerated incisors and congenitally displaced incisors: three case reports. Dent Update. 1998; 25:(8)339-342
Matsuoka T, Sobue S, Ooshima T. Crown dilaceration of a first premolar caused by extraction of its deciduous predecessor: a case report. Endod Dent Traumatol. 2000; 16:(2)91-94
Prabhakar AR, Reddy VV, Bassappa N. Duplication and dilaceration of a crown with hypercementosis of the root following trauma: a case report. Quintessence Int. 1998; 29:(10)655-657
Chadwick SM, Millet D. Dilaceration of a permanent mandibular incisor. A case report. Br J Orthod. 1995; 22:(3)279-281
Stewart DJ. Dilacerated unerupted maxillary central incisors. Br Dent J. 1978; 145:(8)229-233
Jafarzadeh H, Abott PV. Dilaceration: review of an endodontic challenge. J Endod. 2007; 33:(9)1025-1030
Malcic A Prevalence of root dilaceration in adult dental patients in Croatia. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006; 102:(1)104-109
Chohayeb AA. Dilaceration of permanent upper lateral incisors: frequency, direction, and endodontic treatment implications. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1983; 55:519-520
Bimstein E. Root dilaceration and stunting in two unerupted primary incisors. ASDC J Dent Child. 1978; 45:223-225
Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2002
Yeung KH, Cheung RC, Tsang MM. Compound odontoma associated with an unerupted and dilacerated maxillary primary central incisor in a young patient. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2003; 13:(3)208-212
Lin L, Dowden WE, Langeland K. Bilateral dilaceration. J Endod. 1982; 8:(2)85-87
Udoye CI, Jafarzadeh H. Dilaceration among Nigerians: prevalence, distribution, and its relationship with trauma. Dent Traumatol. 2009; 25:(4)439-441
Hamasha AA, Al-Khateeb T, Darwazeh A. Prevalence of dilaceration in Jordanian adults. Int Endod J. 2002; 35:(11)910-912
Karaçay S, Guven G, Koymen R. Management of a fused central incisor in association with a macrodont lateral incisor: a case report. Pediatr Dent. 2006; 28:(4)336-340
Mader CL. Fusion of teeth. J Am Dent Assoc. 1979; 98:(1)62-64
Moody E, Montgomery LB. Hereditary tendencies in tooth formation. J Am Dent Assoc. 1934; 21:1774-1776
Schuurs AHB, van Loveren C. Double teeth: review of the literature. J Dent Child. 2000; 67:(5)313-325
Crawford NL, North S, Davidson LE. Double permanent incisor teeth: management of three cases. Dent Update. 2006; 33:(10)608-610
Cetinbas T, Halil S, Akcam MO Hemisection of a fused tooth. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007; 104:(4)120-124
Karaçay S, Gurton U, Olmez H, Komen G. Multidisciplinary treatment of “twinned” permanent teeth: two case reports. J Dent Child. 2004; 71:(1)80-86
Oliván Rosas G, López Jiménez J, Giménez Prats MJ, Piqueras-Hernández M. Considerations and differences in the treatment of a fused tooth. Med Oral. 2004; 9:(3)224-228
Wu CW, Lin YT, Lin YT. Double primary teeth in children under 17 years old and their correlation with permanent successors. Chang Gung Med J. 2010; 33:(2)188-193
Brook AH, Winter GB. Double teeth. A retrospective study of geminated and fused teeth in children. Br Dent J. 1970; 129:(3)123-130
Delany GM, Goldblatt LI. Fused teeth: a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. J Am Dent Assoc. 1981; 103:(5)732-734
Hülsmann M, Bahr R, Grohmann U. Hemisection and vital treatment of a fused tooth – literature review and case report. Endod Dent Traumatol. 1997; 13:(6)253-258
Budd CS, Reid DE, Kulild JC Endodontic treatment of an unusual case of fusion. J Endod. 1992; 18:(3)133-137
Al-Abbasi SE, Sarié I. Prevalence of dental enamel hypoplasia in the Neolithic site of Wadi Shu´eib in Jordan. Dent Anthropol News. 1997; 11:1-4
Cucina A, Coppa A, Mancinelli D. Stress impact in central Italy during the Iron Age: the evidence from linear enamel hypoplasia. Dent Anthropol. 1996; 102:6-9
GunaShekhar M, Rao KS, Dutta B. A rare case of congenital absence of permanent canines associated with other dental abnormalities. J Clin Exp Dent. 2011; 3:(1)70-72
Cho SY, Lee CK, Chan JC. Congenitally missing maxillary permanent canines: report of 32 cases from an ethnic Chinese population. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2004; 14:446-450
Baccetti T. A controlled study of associated dental anomalies. Angle Orthod. 1998; 68:(3)267-274
Bazan MT. A congenitally missing canine in association with other dental disturbances: report of two cases. ASDC J Dent Child. 1983; 50:382-384
A triad of dental anomalies: a rare case report involving the mandibular canines Mariyah Nazir Dental Update 2024 9:2, 707-709.
Authors
MariyahNazir
BDS(Hons), MFDS RCS(Eng), MPhil, MOrth RCS(Ed)
FTTA in Orthodontics, Orthodontic Department, University Dental Hospital of Manchester, Manchester, M15 6FH and University Hospital of South Manchester, Wythenshawe, M23 9LT, UK
The aetiological factors related to many dental anomalies are still uncertain. Clinical descriptive terms may be useful but the distinction between different anomalies is often unclear. This paper describes a case of dental anomaly affecting the mandibular canines. These teeth exhibit a combination of hypoplasia and dilaceration. In addition, the left hand canine is fused with the adjacent lateral incisor. The possible aetiologies will be explored and we will discuss the management options in this unusual case.
Clinical Relevance: This case highlights the diverse nature of dental anomalies. They are often difficult to classify when severe malformation has occurred. It is not always possible to determine the aetiology of dental anomalies. It is important to recognize that the management of dental anomalies may require a multidisciplinary approach.
Article
Dental anomalies are caused by complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that regulate the long and multi-faceted process of dental development. Over 300 genes have been identified as being involved.1
A disturbance to the process may result in abnormalities in:
The distribution of anomalies is a good starting point when considering the aetiology. It can suggest whether the aetiology is genetic, systemic or local in nature.
The severity of the resulting malformation can result from a genetic defect with incomplete penetrance and variable expression or, in cases of local or systemic aetology, can be dependent on the severity of the insult itself. In addition, certain stages of tooth development are critical, leaving the tooth germ more vulnerable at specific times.
Enamel hypoplasia is defined as any reduction in the quantity of dental enamel and is the result of ameloblastic disruption during the secretory phase of enamel development. It can appear as a single pit or several pits, focal loss of enamel, or as horizontal grooves, also known as linear enamel hypoplasia. These may appear on the lingual/palatal or buccal tooth surface or the entire circumference. In an extreme case, it may lead to arrest of development of the permanent tooth germ.2
Register now to continue reading
Thank you for visiting Orthodontic Update and reading some of our resources. To read more, please register today. You’ll enjoy the following great benefits:
