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A manual for space analysis in the mixed dentition Dental Update 2024 8:4, 707-709.
Abstract
A review of the literature outlining the methods of space analysis and their efficacy was completed using PubMed. Four main methods of space analysis in the mixed dentition were explained and the advantages and limitations of each method was outlined. Prediction tables are effective when applied to the target population from which they were derived. In the case of patients who do not fit the population group from which the correlations are based, radiographic evaluation is the best approach, and computer analysis should be avoided unless a modified equation is available for that particular group. Practically, these modified equations offer the best approach, allowing for the early estimation of space utilizing the width of the mandibular incisors, hence not requiring the use of complex tables or radiographs. However, these methods do not take into account the changes in the anterior-posterior and transverse tooth positions. Moreover, some consider a universal figure for the mesial migration of the first permanent molars to be 1.7 mm, as proposed by Moyers, which has been disputed in the literature. There is evidence to support that the mesial migration of permanent molars following the loss of the primary dentition varies significantly between individuals. Overall, space analysis allows for the estimation of a child's treatment need in relation to crowding and provides a quantitative guideline for the decision to space maintain or extract, depending on the clinical scenario. Although there are several methods which have been developed over the past years, they all have their limitations and these limitations should be considered when space analysis methods are used.
Clinical Relevance: To provide a manual which will facilitate the prediction of the space requirement for unerupted permanent teeth, thus aiding in the diagnosis, treatment planning and management of crowding in the mixed dentition in children.
Article
Space analysis is the term used in dentistry to estimate the amount of space available within the arch and compare it to the amount of space needed to accommodate the permanent dentition. Space analysis can be used in both the permanent and during the mixed dentition phase. During the mixed dentition, the term space analysis is used to describe the method of estimating the amount of space which is likely to be required for the permanent teeth when they erupt. This paper will focus on the mixed dentition phase to estimate the space required for the erupting permanent dentition. Space analysis has a fundamental role in the treatment planning of the patient in the mixed dentition. It allows for the assessment of space available in the mid-arch region (canine and premolars) within both the upper and lower arches. In 1897, Black determined the average mesio-distal crown widths of all of the primary and permanent teeth.1 According to Lee-Chan et al in 1998, the accurate analysis of space will allow for the treatment planning of serial extractions, the guidance of eruption, space maintenance, space regaining or just periodic observation of the patient until the eruption of the permanent dentition.2 Ultimately, it is important to quantify the amount of space available within each arch, as treatment will vary depending on the severity of crowding. Nowadays, it is essential to be able to inform parents of the likelihood that their child will have crowded teeth and if intervention will be needed in the future. Classically, there are four main methods by which we analyse space in the orthodontic patient in the mixed dentition:
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