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The ability to consistently reduce orthodontic treatment time without adverse outcomes would be an attractive prospect. Several surgical interventions have been described aimed at accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. The aim of this review is to identify and evaluate the current evidence available for surgically-assisted orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The current evidence suggests that surgical procedures may increase the rate of tooth movement, however, this effect is short lived. Further reporting on total treatment time, and patient centred outcomes, would be beneficial in future studies.
CPD/Clinical Relevance: To explain surgical methods for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.
Article
The ultimate challenge for orthodontists is to reduce treatment duration without compromising the result. Much of the current research is focusing on reducing treatment time and the methods employed can be broadly categorized into surgical and non-surgical methods. Efficient treatment can lead to reduced costs, both in the private and public healthcare settings.1 With reduced treatment times, there is likely to be a reduction in the risk of iatrogenic damage, namely enamel decalcification2 and root resorption, along with a likely increase in patient satisfaction. Furthermore, adult patients may be more inclined to accept orthodontic treatment if treatment duration could be shortened.
Surgical methods have been proposed to speed up OTM. These methods are mainly based on the principle of the Regional Acceleratory Phenomenon (RAP). The RAP was described by the Orthopaedic Surgeon Harold Frost.3,4 Surgical injury or intervention in the bony tissues results in remodelling activity in the adjacent hard and soft tissues. The resultant affect may be a more rapid rate of bone turnover, and a decrease in bone density, which would certainly be of interest to orthodontists. Surgical methods aiming to increase the rate of tooth movement include:
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