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1. Vol 11 No 4 P145  Orthodontics:  Periodontal Exams for Adult Orthodontic Patients by AC Greer, AM Murray, JW Vere

Adult patients are increasingly interested in having orthodontic treatment but many of these patients have periodontal problems. A periodontal examination should involve a basic periodontal examination (BPE) as well as the identification of any mobility, recession and gingival overgrowth. Each BPE...  Read more

2. Vol 6 No 4 P112  Orthodontics:  Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need Applied to Plaster Models and to their Three-Dimensional Digital Equivalents by P Sharma, N McGuinness, J McDonald

Orthodontic plaster casts are fragile and bulky, and an alternative method of storage which allows accurate dental cast measurement is desirable. Four examiners determined the IOTN scores from 30 sets of plaster casts on two occasions and their threedimensional digital equivalents on two occasions....  Read more

3. Vol 8 No 1 P6  Orthodontics:  Mini-Implants in Contemporary Orthodontics Part 1: Recent Evidence on Factors Affecting Clinical Success by RRJ Cousley

Orthodontic mini-implants are able to provide reliable anchorage, but are reported to have varying success (stability) rates. Which factors and issues determine mini-implant success and how can this be maximized? This paper provides an interpretation of the relevant research findings, with a...  Read more

4. Vol 8 No 1 P19  Orthodontics:  Generalized Severe Idiopathic External Root Resorption and the Importance of Pre-Treatment Radiographs: A Case Report by T Halai, N Milner, M Al-Anqoodi, M Nazir

This report discusses a case of rare idiopathic root resorption in a 13-year-old female and highlights how an upper standard occlusal radiograph proved to be pivotal in the diagnosis and demonstration of its incidence. Management of the case is described, with discussion of treatment alternatives.  Read more

5. Vol 8 No 1 P14  Orthodontics:  Orthodontic Therapists and their Integration into the Orthodontic Team by T Hodge, P Scott, E Thickett

There have been significant changes in the way in which orthodontics has been delivered since the last major workforce study was undertaken. The major change has been the introduction of orthodontic therapists in the UK. This paper aims to outline for the general dental practitioner the role of...  Read more

6. Vol 13 No 2 P50  Orthodontics:  Orthodontic Pain by S Grewal, LMJ Harris, S Ponduri, H Naish, P Ellis, JR Sandy, An

Pain is a common side-effect of orthodontic treatment. The aetiology of orthodontic pain, pain pathways and pain management will be described.  Read more

7. Vol 8 No 2 P63  Orthodontics:  Failure of Eruption of Posterior Teeth by C Dunbar, D Slattery

Failure of eruption of posterior teeth is rare but has significant clinical implications. There has been a recent re-classification of failure of eruption based on aetiology and presentation. Primary failure of eruption (PFE) affects all teeth distal to the affected tooth and can result in a...  Read more

8. Vol 8 No 3 P92  Orthodontics:  Transpalatal, Nance and Lingual Arch Appliances: Clinical Tips and Applications by M Almuzian, F Alharbi, L Lai-King Chung, G McIntyre   

Transpalatal arches (TPAs) are widely used in clinical orthodontics. The versatility of the TPA makes it an extremely useful adjunct to both conventional and contemporary fixed appliance treatment. This paper describes the history, the variety of designs and the clinical steps and laboratory...  Read more

9. Vol 8 No 2 P42  Orthodontics:  The Control of Unwanted Tooth Movement – An Overview of Orthodontic A­nchorage by HJ Naish, C Dunbar, NE Atack, JC Williams, JR Sandy, AJ Ireland   

The success of orthodontic treatment relies upon careful treatment planning, for both desired and unwanted tooth movement. The theory behind anchorage reinforcement will be considered and the current means of anchorage support and creation will be described. Methods by which the orthodontist can...  Read more

10. Vol 8 No 4 P118  Orthodontics:  A Manual for Space Analysis in the Mixed Dentition by O Carty, V Creaven, J Hennessy, EA Al-Awadhi

A review of the literature outlining the methods of space analysis and their efficacy was completed using PubMed. Four main methods of space analysis in the mixed dentition were explained and the advantages and limitations of each method was outlined. Prediction tables are effective when applied to...  Read more

11. Vol 10 No 1 P16  Orthodontics:  Assessment of Growth in Orthodontics by G Songra, TK Mittal, JC Williams, J Puryer, JR Sandy, AJ Ireland

Being able to predict the likely timing and duration of growth accurately, in particular the pubertal growth spurt, is important in orthodontic treatment planning. The different assessments of growth, their advantages and disadvantages will be described.   Read more

12. Vol 7 No 1 P6  Orthodontics:  Orthodontic Debonding: Methods, Risks and Future Developments by SB Stewart, CP Chambers, JR Sandy, B Su, AJ Ireland

The ultimate aims for any clinician at orthodontic debond, following the attainment of a good occlusal result, are to remove all of the attachments, along with the bonding/banding material, as atraumatically as possible whilst minimizing the risks to the operator, assistant and patient during the...  Read more

13. Vol 8 No 1 P24  Orthodontics:  A Re-Audit of the Quality of Digital Lateral Cephalometric Radiographs by J Perry, A Puri, J Ho-A-Yun

An audit was conducted within a district general hospital’s orthodontic department to improve the quality of digital lateral cephalometric radiographs. The results of the audit show improvements in the quality of lateral cephalometric radiographs, following the introduction of a new picture...  Read more

14. Vol 7 No 2 P48  Orthodontics:  The Relevance of Autism in Orthodontic Management by A Casaus, J Panesar

Autism is a developmental disorder that can prove to be a barrier in providing orthodontic care due to a difficulty in developing language and communication. The purpose of legislation imposed in regards to mental capacity is to ensure that an individual has the right to autonomy. However, we must...  Read more

15. Vol 8 No 1 P28  Orthodontics:  Clinical Efficacy of the Damon (Self-Ligation) System in a Borderline Case by JR Doshi, K Trivedi, T Shyagali

For many years, orthodontists have ligated brackets with wire or elastomeric ties. Much of our treatment planning and mechanics have been dictated by a mechanical system incorporating significant amounts of friction. This article will present a nearly friction free system using high-tech brackets...  Read more

16. Vol 7 No 3 P94  Orthodontics:  A Novel Way of Correcting Class II Buccal Segment Occlusions by R Little, D Spary

This paper presents five clinical cases demonstrating the use of the Upper Begg Lower Straight Wire (SWA) technique. It is a method for correcting Class II buccal segments but not involving the classic Begg technique. It frees the occlusion and tips the upper buccal segment teeth distally, and then...  Read more

17. Vol 8 No 3 P78  Orthodontics:  Cleft Lip and Palate at a Glance by O Chawla, SA Deacon, AJ Ireland, JR Sandy

Clefts of the lip and palate are the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly. They are generally divided into two broad categories, which include cleft lip with or without cleft palate and isolated cleft palate. The incidence of these anomalies varies according to cleft type, geographical...  Read more

18. Vol 8 No 1 P5  Editorial Comment:  Another year dawns! by J McDonald

The year past was one of continuing tremendous change in the world of orthodontics in the UK – the jury is still out on whether some of the changes were positive, but certainly some have made a significant and lasting impact on our working lives.   Read more

19. Vol 7 No 4 P114  Orthodontics:  Adult Orthodontics Part 2: Advances in Treatment by M Almuzian, A Gardner

Advances in orthodontic technology, especially those that address the aesthetic problem of metal or visible braces, have boosted the demand for adult orthodontics. Dental clinicians should be familiar with the advantages and limitations of the new aesthetic appliances coming onto the market.  Read more

20. Vol 8 No 1 P33  Tricks of the Trade:  Improved Communication when Referring Orthodontic Patients for Extractions and Surgical Procedures by AEC Dyke, J Sandler

Orthodontists routinely refer orthodontic patients to either their General Dental Practitioner, for extractions, or to the Maxillofacial team, for extractions plus various surgical procedures.  Read more

21. Vol 7 No 4 P137  Orthodontics:  Symphyseal Angle: an Angle to Determine Skeletal Pattern using Panoramic Radiographs by SN Ajmera, S Venkatesh, SV Ganeshkar, Sangamesh B, AK Patil

The aim of this article is to derive an angle using panoramic radiographs which is as reliable as lateral cephalometric norms in determining the skeletal growth pattern. The sample size consisted of 60 OPGs of patients with normodivergent growth pattern evaluated from cephalometric radiographs. The...  Read more

22. Vol 8 No 2 P56  Orthodontics:  Mini-Implants in Contemporary Orthodontics Part 2: Clinical Applications and Optimal Biomechanics by RRJ Cousley

Since it is well established that orthodontic mini-implants provide stable anchorage in all three dimensions, the focus has progressed to understanding the related biomechanics. This paper describes the key biomechanical advances for mini-implant treatments, especially in terms of optimized...  Read more

23. Vol 7 No 3 P99  Orthodontics:  Options to Preserve Teeth Displaced by Dental Cysts by M Cedro

These case reports illustrate the management of two patients presenting with a dentigerous cyst and nasopalatine cyst, respectively. Both patients were treated with different surgical approaches and the associated teeth were successfully aligned with orthodontic appliances.  Read more

24. Vol 7 No 3 P89  Orthodontics:  Adult Orthodontics Part 1: Special Considerations in Treatment by M Almuzian, A Gardner

Adult orthodontic demand in the UK has increased significantly in both private and National Health Service sectors, the reason being improvement in the availability of orthodontic services and an increased patient awareness towards orthodontics; in particular the desire for adults to have an...  Read more

25. Vol 7 No 2 P59  Orthodontics:  Comparing Relapse after Occlusion using Begg and Biocryl Retainers by S Arora, RD Naik

Stability of the occlusion after orthodontic treatment is a major goal clinicians set for themselves at the onset of treatment. To achieve this stability, retention becomes a dynamic part of orthodontics. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of Begg...  Read more

26. Vol 1 No 1 P7  Orthodontics:  Managing the Maxillary Canine: 1. Diagnosis, Localization and Interceptive Treatment by GT McIntyre

Unerupted permanent maxillary canines include normally erupting canines, those that are ectopic and canines that are impacted. The identification of permanent maxillary canines that are developing ectopically in the mid-late mixed dentition ensures that corrective treatment, usually involving...  Read more

27. Vol 8 No 4 P140  Orthodontics:  Sequential Correction of Severe Anterior Segmental Crossbite by Conventional Removable Appliance Therapy by G Khurana, N Arora Khurana, R Gupta

Anterior crossbite or reverse overjet is the term used to describe an abnormal labiolingual relationship between one or more maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth. This may involve just a single tooth or up to all the upper incisors. Interceptive treatment is usually carried out in order to reduce...  Read more

28. Vol 7 No 4 P140  Orthodontics:  Tricks of the Trade – A Simple and Aesthetic Method of Intruding Upper Incisors by S Kumar, A Valiathan, P Jayaswal

Discrepancy in vertical tooth positioning may adversely affect anterior dental aesthetics. A simple technique which combines the use of a removable appliance and a composite button can be used effectively for the controlled intrusion of incisors.  Read more

29. Vol 8 No 4 P132  Orthodontics:  Idiopathic External Apical Root Resorption: A Case Report and Review of the Literature by K Waldon, J Spencer, CS Barker

This report presents an interesting case of idiopathic external apical root resorption (IEARR) affecting the non-occluding teeth in a 20-year-old Caucasian male patient with a Class III malocclusion. A review of the current literature is reported and the presenting features of the patient are...  Read more

30. Vol 2 No 2 P38  Orthodontics:  Why do Orthodontic Cases Relapse? by SJ Littlewood, JS Russell, RJ Spencer

Relapse is one of the commonest risk factors in orthodontics. Post-treatment changes following orthodontics could be due to periodontal or occlusal factors, but they can also be due to soft tissue changes and growth. Soft tissue changes and growth are beyond an orthodontist’s control, and this...  Read more