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Klukowska M, Bader A, Erbe C Plaque levels of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances measured by digital plaque image analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011; 139:e463-e470 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.05.019
Shokeen B, Viloria E, Duong E The impact of fixed orthodontic appliances and clear aligners on the oral microbiome and the association with clinical parameters: a longitudinal comparative study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2022; 161:e475-e485 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.10.015
Vemulapalli A, Mandapati SR, Kotha A, Aryal S Association between vaping and untreated caries: a cross-sectional study of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018 data. J Am Dent Assoc. 2021; 152:720-729 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adaj.2021.04.014
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An update on e-cigarettes and orthodontics

From Volume 17, Issue 3, July 2024 | Pages 114-118

Authors

Joseph Bell

BDS, MFDS RCPS (Glasg), PGCert (Medical Education)

Specialist Registrar in Orthodontics (ST2); North Cumbria Integrated Care NHS Foundation Trust/School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University.

Articles by Joseph Bell

Email Joseph Bell

Joshua Jackson

BDS (Hons), MFDS RCPS (Glasg)

Academic Clinical Fellow and Dental Core Trainee, School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

Articles by Joshua Jackson

Bronagh McGuckin

BDS(Hons), MFDS RCPS (Glasg), PGCert (Medical Education)

Specialist Registrar in Orthodontics (ST1 King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London.

Articles by Bronagh McGuckin

Richard Holliday

BDS(Hons), MFDS RCS(Ed), MClinRes, M Perio RCSEd, PhD, FDS (Rest Dent) RCSEd

Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant in Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Articles by Richard Holliday

Abstract

E-cigarettes can be a useful cessation aid for adult smokers. However, the use of e-cigarettes by young people in the UK has been on the rise and is of increasing concern. The implications of e-cigarette use among patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have not yet been reviewed. This narrative review explores the emerging evidence base underpinning the relationship of e-cigarette use on tooth movement, demineralization and surgical outcomes.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The use of e-cigarettes has rapidly increased, and it is important to understand the possible implications for orthodontic treatment.

Article

Many health behaviours have the potential to impact on orthodontic treatment for example, dietary factors, oral hygiene habits and tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been available for over 15 years in the UK, with specific EU regulation since 2014.1 It is estimated that 4.5 million UK adults currently use e-cigarettes2 and e-cigarettes have been the most popular quit aid used by smokers since 2013.3 There is high-certainty evidence that e-cigarettes are effective for smoking cessation and have increased quit rates compared to conventional nicotine replacement therapy.4,5

Youth use of e-cigarettes had remained relatively low and stable until 2022, when a sudden increase was seen. Regular usage (more than once a week) in 11–17 year olds has increased from 1.2% in 2021 to 3.7% in 2023 (Figure 1).6 Eighteen percent of 18-year-olds were current e-cigarette users in 2023.3 This increase has largely been put down to the use of disposable products (Figures 2 and 3).6 There has been public health concern about this increase and a government consultation and proposed regulation to ban disposable products and increase flavour and packaging restrictions.

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